Reported Speech

Use:

Use reported speech to talk about what another person said in the past.

Eve:                       ‘I went to the party on Friday night’.
James:                  ‘Eve said that she had gone to the party on Friday night’.
                
Form:
1) When reporting speech, the verb in the sentence may shift to a past tense.

am / is / are	changes to	was / were
“I am fine.”		She said that she was fine.
present simple	changes to	past simple
“I like it.”		He said he liked it.
present continuous	changes to	past continuous
“She’s sleeping.”		He said that she was sleeping.
will	changes to	would
“I’ll be there.”		You said that you’d be there.
can	changes to	could
“I can come to the meeting.”		You said that you could come to the meeting.
past simple	changes to	past perfect
“I did the shopping.”		Tom said that he had done the shopping.
present perfect	changes to	past perfect
“I’ve read that book.”		I told him that I’d read the book.
past continuous	changes to	past perfect continuous
“She was walking home alone.”		He said that she had been walking home alone.
present perfect continuous	changes to	past perfect continuous
“I’ve been working,”		I told him that I’d been working.

2) To report speech, use He / She / I said (that) ...
 You can also use He / She told me (that)...; I told him / her (that)...
 
3) Don’t use quotation marks (“) when reporting speech.

4) References to times in the past also may need to change when using reported speech, if that time is no longer the same.

this morning / week / month	→	that morning / week / month
yesterday	→	the previous day
last week / month	→	the previous week / month
ago	→	earlier / previously
tomorrow	→	the following day
next week / month	→	the following week / month