Forms of Prose - INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                                   

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-7)

INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-07 

Assignment Code: MEG-07/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. Write short note on:

a) Forms of Prose

Ans:

Prose is a form of written or spoken language that does not follow a metrical structure or rhyme scheme. It is typically used for everyday communication and can take on various forms.

Here are some common forms of prose:

Fiction: This is prose that is imagined and invented by the writer. It can include novels, novellas, short stories, and flash fiction..............

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A critical note on the ideology of Puritanism reflected in American literature

                                  

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-6)

AMERICAN LITERATURE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 9)

Course Code: MEG-06 

Assignment Code: MEG-06/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

5. Write a critical note on the ideology of Puritanism reflected in American literature.

Ans:

Puritanism was a religious movement that emerged in England during the 16th and 17th centuries, characterised by a strict adherence to the principles of the Protestant Reformation. Puritanism was also a significant influence on American literature, particularly in the colonial period, as many of the early settlers in America were Puritans.

The ideology of Puritanism was reflected in American literature in a number of ways. One of the most prominent themes in Puritan literature was the idea of predestination, or the belief that God had predetermined who would be saved and who would be damned. This belief was reflected in works such as John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity," in which he famously referred to the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a "city upon a hill" that would serve as an example to the rest of the world. This idea of being chosen by God for a special purpose was a central theme in much of Puritan literature..............

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A note on imagism in Ezra Pound’s poetry. Cite instances from his poems - AMERICAN LITERATURE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                                 

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-6)

AMERICAN LITERATURE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 9)

Course Code: MEG-06 

Assignment Code: MEG-06/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

4.Write a note on imagism in Ezra Pound’s poetry. Cite instances from his poems prescribed in your course.

Ans:

Ezra Pound was one of the most influential poets of the 20th century, and his work played a pivotal role in the development of imagism, a movement that sought to capture the essence of an object or experience through vivid and concise language. Pound's poetry was marked by its economy of language, use of free verse, and focus on images and sensory details. Let’s look at Pound's contribution to imagism, citing examples from his poems prescribed in the course.

One of Pound's most famous poems, "In a Station of the Metro," exemplifies the imagist movement. The poem consists of only two lines:

"The apparition of these faces in the crowd;

Petals on a wet, black bough."

Through these two lines, Pound captures the fleeting beauty of a moment in a crowded subway station. The faces of the people in the crowd are likened to petals on a tree branch, creating a vivid and memorable image that conveys both the transience and the beauty of the moment.............

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The development of the revolutionary prose in America - AMERICAN LITERATURE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                                

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-6)

AMERICAN LITERATURE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 9)

Course Code: MEG-06 

Assignment Code: MEG-06/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Discuss the development of the revolutionary prose in America.

Ans:

The development of revolutionary prose in America was a key factor in the country's struggle for independence from British colonial rule. During the 18th century, a number of influential writers emerged who used their words to inspire and motivate the colonists to stand up against British tyranny. Let’s explore the development of revolutionary prose in America, focusing on the key writers and works that played a pivotal role in the country's fight for independence.

One of the earliest and most influential works of revolutionary prose was Thomas Paine's "Common Sense." Published in 1776, "Common Sense" argued for the necessity of American independence from Britain, using simple and accessible language to appeal to a wide audience. Paine's work had a significant impact on public opinion, and is widely credited with helping to galvanize the colonists into action.............

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A critical note on the dramatic form in the 20th Century - AMERICAN LITERATURE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                               

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-6)

AMERICAN LITERATURE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 9)

Course Code: MEG-06 

Assignment Code: MEG-06/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

2. Write a critical note on the dramatic form in the 20th Century.

Ans:

The 20th century saw significant changes in the dramatic form, with playwrights experimenting with new styles, techniques, and themes. From the rise of realism to the emergence of postmodernism, the dramatic form in the 20th century was marked by a spirit of innovation and experimentation. We will explore the key trends and developments that shaped the evolution of theatre during this period.

One of the most significant trends in 20th-century drama was the rise of realism. Realism emerged as a reaction against the romanticism of the previous century, with playwrights seeking to portray life as it is, rather than as it ought to be. This style of drama was marked by its attention to detail and its emphasis on social issues, with plays addressing topics such as poverty, class struggle, and the impact of war on everyday life. Playwrights such as Henrik Ibsen, August Strindberg, and Anton Chekhov were instrumental in the development of realism, and their work paved the way for a new generation of playwrights who sought to explore the complexities of the human experience through realistic portrayals of everyday life............

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Death of a Salesman as a realistic tragedy - AMERICAN LITERATURE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                              

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-6)

AMERICAN LITERATURE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 9)

Course Code: MEG-06 

Assignment Code: MEG-06/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. Analyse Death of a Salesman as a realistic tragedy.

Ans:

Arthur Miller's play "Death of a Salesman" has often been considered a masterpiece of American drama, and one of its defining features is its portrayal of a tragic character in a realistic setting. Willy Loman, the play's protagonist, is a salesman who struggles with his own disillusionment and disappointment in life. We will analyze "Death of a Salesman" as a realistic tragedy, exploring the ways in which Miller uses the play's characters and themes to convey a sense of tragedy that is grounded in the realities of everyday life.

At its core, "Death of a Salesman" is a play about the American Dream and the corrosive effects that it can have on individuals who fail to achieve it. Willy Loman, like so many Americans of his generation, is a man who has been sold a bill of goods: he has been taught to believe that hard work and perseverance will lead to success and happiness, but he finds himself living a life that is far from the ideal he has been promised. His failure to achieve the American Dream is made all the more tragic by the fact that he has internalized its values so deeply: his sense of self-worth is tied to his success as a salesman, and he is unable to see himself as anything other than a failure when he can no longer make sales.

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Lacan's main contribution to critical theory - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                             

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

5. Comment on Lacan's main contribution to critical theory.

Ans:

Jacques Lacan is a French psychoanalyst and philosopher who has made a significant contribution to critical theory. His work is centered on the psychoanalytic theory, and he is often associated with the field of post-structuralism. Lacan's contribution to critical theory can be best understood by examining his key concepts, such as the mirror stage, the symbolic order, and the subject.

One of Lacan's most well-known contributions to critical theory is the concept of the mirror stage. According to Lacan, the mirror stage is a critical moment in the development of the human subject. During this stage, which typically occurs between six and eighteen months of age, the infant sees its reflection in the mirror and recognizes itself as a distinct entity. The mirror stage is a moment of self-realization, but it is also a moment of alienation because the infant realizes that it is separate from its mother and the rest of the world. The mirror stage is significant because it shapes the subject's perception of itself and its relationship to the world.

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What I. A. Richards talks about in Practical Criticism - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY - IGNOU

                             

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

4. What does I. A. Richards talk about in Practical Criticism?

Ans:

Practical Criticism is a book written by I. A. Richards, a British literary critic and philosopher. It was first published in 1929 and is considered one of the most influential works in the field of literary criticism. In this book, Richards proposes a new method of literary analysis that is based on close reading and analysis of the text itself, rather than on external factors such as the author's biography or historical context.

Richards argues that literary criticism should focus on the text itself, rather than on the author's intentions or historical context. He advocates for a close reading of the text, which involves a detailed examination of the language, form, and structure of the work. Richards believes that by paying close attention to the language and structure of the text, readers can gain a deeper understanding of its meaning and significance.

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Short note on 'Pleasure' and 'instruction' as ends of literature - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                            

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Write short notes on the following:

(d) 'Pleasure' and 'instruction' as ends of literature

Ans:

The concept of literature having both pleasure and instruction as its ends has a long history in literary theory. The idea can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle, who believed that literature should not only entertain but also educate or instruct its audience. The concept was later revived during the Enlightenment period, when literature was seen as a means of improving society through the dissemination of knowledge and values.

The concept of pleasure and instruction as ends of literature is often associated with the notion of didacticism, which refers to the intentional use of literature to teach moral or ethical lessons. Didactic literature is usually distinguished from purely entertaining or aesthetic literature, as its primary purpose is to instruct or educate its readers.

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Short notes on Superstructure - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                           

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Write short notes on the following:

(c) Superstructure

Ans:

In the field of literary criticism, the term "superstructure" refers to the cultural and ideological framework that underlies and shapes a society's literature. It is a concept derived from Marxist theory, which sees literature as a product of the social and economic conditions of the society in which it is produced.

According to this view, literature is not simply a matter of individual expression or creativity, but is shaped by the broader social, economic, and political forces that shape a society. These forces include things like class relations, economic systems, and power structures, which shape the way people think, act, and create art.

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short note on Auchitya - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                          

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Write short notes on the following:

(b) Auchitya

Ans:

Auchitya is a Sanskrit term used in Indian aesthetics to describe the quality of propriety or appropriateness in literary works. It refers to the suitability or fitness of an expression, word or phrase in a particular context or situation. Auchitya is considered one of the fundamental principles of Indian aesthetics, along with Rasa (emotional flavor) and Dhvani (suggestion).

According to Indian aesthetics, Auchitya is a crucial factor in creating a sense of aesthetic pleasure or enjoyment in a work of literature. A writer must choose words and expressions that are appropriate for the context and situation in which they are used. The right word in the right place can create a sense of harmony and balance, while the wrong word can disrupt the flow of the text and create a sense of disharmony.

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Short note on Catharsis - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                         

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Write short notes on the following:

a) Catharsis

Ans:

Catharsis is a term that originated in ancient Greek philosophy and is often associated with Aristotle's Poetics. It refers to the emotional release or purification that audiences experience while witnessing a tragic play or other form of art. According to Aristotle, tragedy is a form of art that evokes emotions of pity and fear in the audience, leading to catharsis or emotional purging.

The term "catharsis" comes from the Greek word katharsis, which means "purification" or "cleansing." The idea behind catharsis is that by witnessing tragic events, the audience is able to release their own emotions and feel a sense of relief or release. This emotional release is thought to be beneficial and even necessary for the audience's well-being.

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What Wordsworth and Coleridge have to say on poetic diction - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                        

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

2. What do Wordsworth and Coleridge have to say on poetic diction.

Ans:

Wordsworth and Coleridge, two of the most prominent poets of the Romantic era, had a significant impact on the evolution of English poetry. One of the critical issues they addressed was poetic diction, which refers to the language and style that poets use to convey their ideas and emotions. Both Wordsworth and Coleridge had different perspectives on poetic diction, which will be discussed here.

Wordsworth was a pioneer of a new style of poetry, which he called the "language of ordinary men." He believed that the language of poetry should be simple, natural, and free from the artificialities of conventional poetic diction. In his famous preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth argues that "the language of poetry should differ from that of prose only as being more heightened, passionate, and imaginative." He believed that poetry should use the language of common speech, with a focus on simplicity, clarity, and directness.

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Aristotle's view of literature as imitation - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                       

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. Discuss Aristotle's view of literature as imitation.

Ans:

Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, believed that literature is essentially an imitation of life. According to him, literary works are created through a process of imitation that involves the artist's observation and representation of the world around them. In this sense, literature is seen as a reflection of reality rather than a purely imaginative creation.

Aristotle's theory of literature as imitation is presented in his work "Poetics." In this book, he argues that literature is a form of mimesis, which is the imitation of reality. He believed that literature, like other forms of art, should strive to imitate nature and the human experience as closely as possible. In his view, the artist's job was to observe and represent the world in a way that would capture its essence and communicate it to the audience.

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The role of English vis-à-vis the Indian languages in modern India - ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                      

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

5. What do you think is the role of English vis-à-vis the Indian languages in modern India?

Ans:

The role of English in modern India is a subject of much debate and discussion. English, as a language, has a rich history in India, dating back to the British colonial period. With the rise of globalization and the importance of English as a global language, it has gained even more prominence in India. However, the role of English vis-à-vis the Indian languages is a complex issue that cannot be easily summarized.

On one hand, English has undoubtedly played a significant role in India's development and progress, particularly in the fields of education, business, and technology. It has been a crucial medium of communication for India's global interactions, providing opportunities for trade and commerce, cross-cultural exchange, and access to a wealth of knowledge and information.

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Do you agree with the ‘one language: one community’ theory? What other factors, apart from language, may determine one’s identification with a speech community?

                     

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

4. Do you agree with the ‘one language: one community’ theory? What other factors, apart from language, may determine one’s identification with a speech community?

Ans:

The 'one language: one community' theory suggests that language is the primary determinant of one's identification with a particular speech community. According to this theory, individuals who speak the same language have a sense of belonging and community because they share a common language. However, this theory is highly simplistic and does not account for the complex social, cultural, and economic factors that influence one's identification with a speech community.

Firstly, while language plays a crucial role in shaping one's identity, it is not the only factor. Cultural practices, traditions, values, beliefs, and geography can significantly influence an individual's identification with a particular community. For example, two individuals who speak the same language may identify with different communities based on their cultural practices and beliefs. Therefore, cultural practices and beliefs are essential factors in shaping one's identity and identification with a speech community.

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Why is language planning essential in any country? What are the factors which influence language planning? ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                    

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Why is language planning essential in any country? What are the factors which influence language planning?

Ans:

Language planning refers to deliberate efforts by governments and other institutions to shape the use and development of language within a society. It is essential in any country because it can help to promote social cohesion, economic development, and cultural preservation.

Here are some reasons why language planning is necessary:

1) Promotion of national unity: Language planning can promote national unity by creating a common language that is used in education, media, and government institutions. This can help to reduce conflicts and tensions between different linguistic groups.

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The description and classification of Consonants and Vowels - ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                   

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

2. Discuss the description and classification of Consonants and Vowels.

Ans:

Consonants and vowels are two types of speech sounds that make up the building blocks of language. While both are essential in forming words and sentences, they are produced differently and classified based on specific criteria.

Consonants:

Consonants are speech sounds that are produced when the airflow is obstructed by the lips, tongue, teeth, or palate. This obstruction creates a frictional or turbulent airflow that produces sound. Consonants can be classified based on three criteria:

1. Place of Articulation: This refers to the location in the mouth where the obstruction occurs. For example, the bilabial consonants are produced by bringing the lips together, while the alveolar consonants are produced by placing the tongue against the alveolar ridge behind the upper front teeth.

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Langue and Parole - ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                  

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. Write short notes on the following:

(ii) Langue and Parole

Ans:

Langue and parole are two important concepts in linguistics that were introduced by Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. Langue refers to the underlying system of language, which includes the rules, conventions, and principles that govern a language. It is the abstract, idealised form of language that exists in the minds of its speakers. On the other hand, parole refers to the actual use of language by speakers in specific contexts. It includes the individual variations and idiosyncrasies of language use by speakers.

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Short note on Borrowings - ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE -IGNOU

                 

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. Write short notes on the following:

(i) Borrowings

Ans:

Borrowing, also known as loanword, is a linguistic term that refers to the process of adopting words or expressions from one language and incorporating them into another language. Borrowing occurs due to various factors, including cultural contact, migration, trade, and colonialism. As a result, many languages around the world contain borrowed words from other languages. For example, English has borrowed words from French (such as "restaurant" and "ballet"), German (such as "kindergarten" and "doppelganger"), and many other languages.

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