Short note on 'Pleasure' and 'instruction' as ends of literature - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                            

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Write short notes on the following:

(d) 'Pleasure' and 'instruction' as ends of literature

Ans:

The concept of literature having both pleasure and instruction as its ends has a long history in literary theory. The idea can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle, who believed that literature should not only entertain but also educate or instruct its audience. The concept was later revived during the Enlightenment period, when literature was seen as a means of improving society through the dissemination of knowledge and values.

The concept of pleasure and instruction as ends of literature is often associated with the notion of didacticism, which refers to the intentional use of literature to teach moral or ethical lessons. Didactic literature is usually distinguished from purely entertaining or aesthetic literature, as its primary purpose is to instruct or educate its readers.

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Short notes on Superstructure - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                           

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Write short notes on the following:

(c) Superstructure

Ans:

In the field of literary criticism, the term "superstructure" refers to the cultural and ideological framework that underlies and shapes a society's literature. It is a concept derived from Marxist theory, which sees literature as a product of the social and economic conditions of the society in which it is produced.

According to this view, literature is not simply a matter of individual expression or creativity, but is shaped by the broader social, economic, and political forces that shape a society. These forces include things like class relations, economic systems, and power structures, which shape the way people think, act, and create art.

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short note on Auchitya - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                          

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Write short notes on the following:

(b) Auchitya

Ans:

Auchitya is a Sanskrit term used in Indian aesthetics to describe the quality of propriety or appropriateness in literary works. It refers to the suitability or fitness of an expression, word or phrase in a particular context or situation. Auchitya is considered one of the fundamental principles of Indian aesthetics, along with Rasa (emotional flavor) and Dhvani (suggestion).

According to Indian aesthetics, Auchitya is a crucial factor in creating a sense of aesthetic pleasure or enjoyment in a work of literature. A writer must choose words and expressions that are appropriate for the context and situation in which they are used. The right word in the right place can create a sense of harmony and balance, while the wrong word can disrupt the flow of the text and create a sense of disharmony.

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Short note on Catharsis - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                         

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Write short notes on the following:

a) Catharsis

Ans:

Catharsis is a term that originated in ancient Greek philosophy and is often associated with Aristotle's Poetics. It refers to the emotional release or purification that audiences experience while witnessing a tragic play or other form of art. According to Aristotle, tragedy is a form of art that evokes emotions of pity and fear in the audience, leading to catharsis or emotional purging.

The term "catharsis" comes from the Greek word katharsis, which means "purification" or "cleansing." The idea behind catharsis is that by witnessing tragic events, the audience is able to release their own emotions and feel a sense of relief or release. This emotional release is thought to be beneficial and even necessary for the audience's well-being.

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What Wordsworth and Coleridge have to say on poetic diction - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                        

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

2. What do Wordsworth and Coleridge have to say on poetic diction.

Ans:

Wordsworth and Coleridge, two of the most prominent poets of the Romantic era, had a significant impact on the evolution of English poetry. One of the critical issues they addressed was poetic diction, which refers to the language and style that poets use to convey their ideas and emotions. Both Wordsworth and Coleridge had different perspectives on poetic diction, which will be discussed here.

Wordsworth was a pioneer of a new style of poetry, which he called the "language of ordinary men." He believed that the language of poetry should be simple, natural, and free from the artificialities of conventional poetic diction. In his famous preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth argues that "the language of poetry should differ from that of prose only as being more heightened, passionate, and imaginative." He believed that poetry should use the language of common speech, with a focus on simplicity, clarity, and directness.

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Aristotle's view of literature as imitation - LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                       

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-5)

LITERARY CRITICISM & THEORY

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 8)

Course Code: MEG-05 

Assignment Code: MEG-05/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. Discuss Aristotle's view of literature as imitation.

Ans:

Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, believed that literature is essentially an imitation of life. According to him, literary works are created through a process of imitation that involves the artist's observation and representation of the world around them. In this sense, literature is seen as a reflection of reality rather than a purely imaginative creation.

Aristotle's theory of literature as imitation is presented in his work "Poetics." In this book, he argues that literature is a form of mimesis, which is the imitation of reality. He believed that literature, like other forms of art, should strive to imitate nature and the human experience as closely as possible. In his view, the artist's job was to observe and represent the world in a way that would capture its essence and communicate it to the audience.

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The role of English vis-à-vis the Indian languages in modern India - ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                      

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

5. What do you think is the role of English vis-à-vis the Indian languages in modern India?

Ans:

The role of English in modern India is a subject of much debate and discussion. English, as a language, has a rich history in India, dating back to the British colonial period. With the rise of globalization and the importance of English as a global language, it has gained even more prominence in India. However, the role of English vis-à-vis the Indian languages is a complex issue that cannot be easily summarized.

On one hand, English has undoubtedly played a significant role in India's development and progress, particularly in the fields of education, business, and technology. It has been a crucial medium of communication for India's global interactions, providing opportunities for trade and commerce, cross-cultural exchange, and access to a wealth of knowledge and information.

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Do you agree with the ‘one language: one community’ theory? What other factors, apart from language, may determine one’s identification with a speech community?

                     

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

4. Do you agree with the ‘one language: one community’ theory? What other factors, apart from language, may determine one’s identification with a speech community?

Ans:

The 'one language: one community' theory suggests that language is the primary determinant of one's identification with a particular speech community. According to this theory, individuals who speak the same language have a sense of belonging and community because they share a common language. However, this theory is highly simplistic and does not account for the complex social, cultural, and economic factors that influence one's identification with a speech community.

Firstly, while language plays a crucial role in shaping one's identity, it is not the only factor. Cultural practices, traditions, values, beliefs, and geography can significantly influence an individual's identification with a particular community. For example, two individuals who speak the same language may identify with different communities based on their cultural practices and beliefs. Therefore, cultural practices and beliefs are essential factors in shaping one's identity and identification with a speech community.

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Why is language planning essential in any country? What are the factors which influence language planning? ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                    

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Why is language planning essential in any country? What are the factors which influence language planning?

Ans:

Language planning refers to deliberate efforts by governments and other institutions to shape the use and development of language within a society. It is essential in any country because it can help to promote social cohesion, economic development, and cultural preservation.

Here are some reasons why language planning is necessary:

1) Promotion of national unity: Language planning can promote national unity by creating a common language that is used in education, media, and government institutions. This can help to reduce conflicts and tensions between different linguistic groups.

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The description and classification of Consonants and Vowels - ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                   

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

2. Discuss the description and classification of Consonants and Vowels.

Ans:

Consonants and vowels are two types of speech sounds that make up the building blocks of language. While both are essential in forming words and sentences, they are produced differently and classified based on specific criteria.

Consonants:

Consonants are speech sounds that are produced when the airflow is obstructed by the lips, tongue, teeth, or palate. This obstruction creates a frictional or turbulent airflow that produces sound. Consonants can be classified based on three criteria:

1. Place of Articulation: This refers to the location in the mouth where the obstruction occurs. For example, the bilabial consonants are produced by bringing the lips together, while the alveolar consonants are produced by placing the tongue against the alveolar ridge behind the upper front teeth.

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Langue and Parole - ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                  

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. Write short notes on the following:

(ii) Langue and Parole

Ans:

Langue and parole are two important concepts in linguistics that were introduced by Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. Langue refers to the underlying system of language, which includes the rules, conventions, and principles that govern a language. It is the abstract, idealised form of language that exists in the minds of its speakers. On the other hand, parole refers to the actual use of language by speakers in specific contexts. It includes the individual variations and idiosyncrasies of language use by speakers.

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Short note on Borrowings - ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE -IGNOU

                 

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-4)

ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-04 

Assignment Code: MEG-04/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. Write short notes on the following:

(i) Borrowings

Ans:

Borrowing, also known as loanword, is a linguistic term that refers to the process of adopting words or expressions from one language and incorporating them into another language. Borrowing occurs due to various factors, including cultural contact, migration, trade, and colonialism. As a result, many languages around the world contain borrowed words from other languages. For example, English has borrowed words from French (such as "restaurant" and "ballet"), German (such as "kindergarten" and "doppelganger"), and many other languages.

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The narrative technique adopted by Muriel Spark in The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie - BRITISH NOVEL ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

                

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-3)

BRITISH NOVEL

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-03 

Assignment Code: MEG-03/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

5. Write a critical essay on the narrative technique adopted by Muriel Spark in The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.

Ans:

Muriel Spark's The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie is a novel that employs an innovative narrative technique that is both complex and engaging. Spark's use of flashbacks, jumps in time, and shifts in perspective all contribute to the novel's unique structure and allow the reader to gain a more nuanced understanding of the characters and their motivations.

One of the most distinctive narrative techniques that Spark employs is the use of multiple narrators. The novel is narrated by an omniscient third-person narrator, but also features the voices of the Brodie set, the group of girls that Miss Brodie teaches and mentors. These voices are used to provide insight into Miss Brodie's character and to explore the themes of the novel...

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The symbolism of the title Heart of Darkness - BRITISH NOVEL ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

               

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-3)

BRITISH NOVEL

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-03 

Assignment Code: MEG-03/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

4. Comment on the symbolism of the title Heart of Darkness.

Ans:

The title of Joseph Conrad's novel, Heart of Darkness, is a symbolic representation of the novel's themes and motifs. The phrase "heart of darkness" is used in the novel to refer to the African jungle and the mysterious and dangerous journey into the interior that the protagonist, Marlow, embarks on. The title also symbolizes the darkness of human nature and the depths of depravity that can be found within the human soul.

The journey into the African jungle is a physical manifestation of the journey into the heart of darkness, both literally and figuratively. The jungle is described as a dark and foreboding place, full of danger and mystery. It is a place where the rules of civilization do not apply, and where the boundaries between good and evil are blurred....

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derogatory terms and Heathcliff, in Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights - BRITISH NOVEL ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

              

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-3)

BRITISH NOVEL

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-03 

Assignment Code: MEG-03/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

3. Heathcliff, in Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights is often referred to in derogatory terms by the other characters, as being ‘the evil beast’, ‘uncivilised’, ‘without refinement’ and so on. Do you agree with such a judgement of Heathcliff?

Ans:

The character of Heathcliff in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights is one of the most complex and controversial characters in English literature. While he is often referred to in derogatory terms by other characters in the novel, such as being called "the evil beast" or "uncivilised", it is not entirely accurate to label him as such. In this essay, we will discuss whether or not such a judgement of Heathcliff is fair.

Firstly, it is important to consider Heathcliff's difficult childhood and the circumstances that have shaped his personality. He was taken in by the Earnshaw family as a young boy, and his upbringing was marked by abuse and neglect from his adoptive brother Hindley. This, along with his isolation from society due to his skin colour, has led to his fierce and vengeful personality......

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How Pride and Prejudice engages with the theme of love and marriage - BRITISH NOVEL ASSIGNMENT -IGNOU

             

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-3)

BRITISH NOVEL

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-03 

Assignment Code: MEG-03/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

2. Discuss how Pride and Prejudice engages with the theme of love and marriage.

Ans:

Pride and Prejudice, a novel by Jane Austen, is a classic tale of romance and social commentary that explores the theme of love and marriage. The novel presents a range of attitudes towards love and marriage, highlighting the different approaches of its characters and the social pressures that influence their decisions. In this essay, we will discuss how Pride and Prejudice engages with the theme of love and marriage.

One of the main ways that the novel explores the theme of love and marriage is through the contrast between the romantic ideals of love and the pragmatic concerns of marriage. The novel's protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, initially rejects the idea of marrying for anything other than love. She criticizes her friend Charlotte Lucas for accepting a marriage proposal from the unromantic Mr. Collins for economic security, arguing that "happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance.".....

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Fielding is one of the most pro-woman writers in English - BRITISH NOVEL ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

            

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-3)

BRITISH NOVEL

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-03 

Assignment Code: MEG-03/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

1. “Fielding is one of the most pro-woman writers in English.” Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with illustrations from the text of Tom Jones.

Ans:

Henry Fielding's novel Tom Jones is known for its nuanced portrayal of women characters, which has led some scholars to argue that he is one of the most pro-woman writers in English literature. While some readers may dispute this view, there are several examples from the text of Tom Jones that demonstrate Fielding's support for women and his belief in their moral and intellectual capabilities.

One of the most prominent female characters in Tom Jones is Sophia Western, the object of Tom's affections. Unlike many female characters of the time, Sophia is not a passive victim waiting to be rescued by a man. Instead, she is a strong-willed and independent woman who actively pursues her own desires and makes her own decisions. For example, when she first meets Tom, she is not content to simply wait for him to make a move; she takes the initiative and asks him to dance with her. Additionally, when her father tries to force her into a marriage she does not want, she stands up for herself and refuses to comply. This kind of agency and autonomy is rare in female characters of this time.......

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British Drama in the twentieth Century - BRITISH DRAMA ASSIGNMENT-IGNOU

            

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-2)

BRITISH DRAMA

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-02 

Assignment Code: MEG-02/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

9. Write an essay on British Drama in the twentieth Century.

Ans:

The 20th century was a significant period in British drama, marked by a series of important movements and developments. These ranged from the early modernist experiments of the early 1900s, to the Angry Young Man movement of the 1950s, to the postmodern and experimental theatre of the late 20th century.

One of the most significant movements in British drama in the early 20th century was modernism. This was characterised by experimentation with form, style, and subject matter, as well as a rejection of the conventions of traditional theatre. Playwrights such as Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter were at the forefront of this movement, creating works that were often characterised by non-linear narratives, fragmented structures, and challenging themes............

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The historical significance of Look Back in Anger - BRITISH DRAMA ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

           

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-2)

BRITISH DRAMA

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-02 

Assignment Code: MEG-02/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

8. Comment on the historical significance of Look Back in Anger.

Ans:

Look Back in Anger is a play by British playwright John Osborne, first performed in 1956. It is often considered a landmark play in British theatre history, due to its portrayal of the post-war generation and its rejection of traditional theatrical conventions. The play is significant for a number of reasons, both in terms of its historical context and its lasting impact on theatre.

One of the key ways in which Look Back in Anger is historically significant is its portrayal of the post-war generation. The play is set in a flat in a working-class area of London and focuses on the lives of a young couple, Jimmy and Alison Porter. The play portrays the frustration and disillusionment of this generation, who felt let down by the promises of post-war prosperity and social mobility. This was a radical departure from the upper-class world of British theatre at the time, which tended to focus on more traditional themes and settings.............

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Murder in the Cathedral as a poetic drama - BRITISH DRAMA ASSIGNMENT - IGNOU

          

MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENGLISH (MEG-2)

BRITISH DRAMA

ASSIGNMENT 

(Based on Blocks (1 - 10)

Course Code: MEG-02 

Assignment Code: MEG-02/TMA/2022-23 

Max. Marks: 100

7. Discuss Murder in the Cathedral as a poetic drama

Ans:

Murder in the Cathedral is a play by T.S. Eliot, which tells the story of the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. The play is often considered a poetic drama, as it combines the elements of poetry and drama in a unique and powerful way.

One of the key aspects of Murder in the Cathedral that makes it a poetic drama is its use of language. Eliot's writing in the play is highly poetic, with rich and complex imagery, symbolism, and allusions. The language of the play is elevated and formal, with characters speaking in a heightened, almost ritualistic manner. This creates a sense of grandeur and significance, highlighting the weighty themes of the play...............

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